In agriculture Agriculture is the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of human civilization, with the husbandry of domesticated animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more densely populated and stratified societies. The study of agriculture is, agribusiness is a generic term for the various businesses A business is a legally recognized organization designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, most being privately owned and formed to earn profit that will increase the wealth of its owners and grow the business itself. The owners and operators of a business have as one of their main involved in food Food is any substance, usually composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal, including humans, for nutrition or pleasure. Items considered food may be sourced from plants, animals or other categories such as fungus or fermented products like alcohol. Although many human cultures sought food items production, including farming Agriculture encompasses a wide variety of specialties and techniques, including ways to expand the lands suitable for plant raising, by digging water-channels and other forms of irrigation. Cultivation of crops on arable land and the pastoral herding of livestock on rangeland remain at the foundation of agriculture. In the past century there has and contract farming Contract farming is agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers, which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products. Typically, the farmer agrees to provide established quantities of a specific agricultural product, meeting the quality standards and delivery, seed A seed ( /ˈsiːd/ ), referred to as a kernel in some plants, is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant. The formation of the seed completes supply, agrichemicals Agrochemical , a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a generic term for the various chemical products used in agriculture. In most cases, agrichemical refers to the broad range of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. It may also include synthetic fertilizers, hormones and other chemical growth agents, and, farm machinery Agricultural machinery is one of the most revolutionary and impactful applications of modern technology. The truly elemental human need for food has often driven the development of technology and machines. Over the last 250 years, advances in farm equipment have transformed the way people are employed and produce their food worldwide, wholesale Wholesaling, jobbing, or distributing the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professional business users, or to other wholesalers and related subordinated services and distribution, processing Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by humans or animals either in the home or by the food processing industry. Food processing typically takes clean, harvested crops or slaughtered and butchered animal products and uses these to, marketing Marketing is the process associated with promoting for sale goods or services. It is considered a "social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others." It is an integrated process through which companies create value for customers, and retail Retailing consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a fixed location, such as a department store, boutique or kiosk, or by mail, in small or individual lots for direct consumption by the purchaser. Retailing may include subordinated services, such as delivery. Purchasers may be individuals or businesses. In commerce, a "retailer" sales. The term has two distinctly different connotations depending on context.
Within the agriculture industry An industry is the manufacturing of a good or service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products, agribusiness is widely used simply as a convenient portmanteau A portmanteau (pronounced /pɔrtmænˈtoʊ/ ) or portmanteau word is used broadly to mean a blend of two (or more) words or morphemes and their meanings into one new word, and narrowly in linguistics fields to mean only a blend of two or more function words of agriculture and business, referring to the range of activities and disciplines encompassed by modern food production. There are academic degrees A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study in and departments of agribusiness, agribusiness trade associations An industry trade group, also known as a trade association, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. An industry trade association participates in public relations activities such as advertising, education, political donations, lobbying and publishing, but its main focus is collaboration between, agribusiness publications To publish is to make content publicly known. The term is most frequently applied to the distribution of text or images on paper, or to the placing of content on a website, and so forth, worldwide. Here, the term is only descriptive, and is synonymous in the broadest sense with food industry The food industry is the complex, global collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population. Only subsistence farmers, those who survive on what they grow, can be considered outside of the scope of the modern food industry.
Among critics of large-scale, industrialized, vertically integrated In microeconomics and management, the term vertical integration describes a style of management control. Vertically integrated companies are united through a hierarchy with a common owner. Usually each member of the hierarchy produces a different product or service, and the products combine to satisfy a common need. It is contrasted with food production, the term agribusiness is used negatively, synonymous with corporate farming Corporate farming is a term that describes the business of agriculture, specifically, what is seen by some as the practices of would-be megacorporations involved in food production on a very large scale. It is a modern food industry issue, and encompasses not only the farm itself, but also the entire chain of agriculture-related business,. As such, it is often contrasted with smaller family-owned farms A family farm is a farm owned and operated by a family, and passed down from generation to generation. It is the basic unit of the mostly agricultural economy of much of human history and continues to be so in developing nations. Alternatives to family farms include those run by agribusiness, colloquially known as factory farms, or by collective. Negative connotations are also derived from the negative associations of "business" and "corporation" by critics of capitalism or corporate excess. As concern over global warming intensifies, biofuels Biofuels – liquid fuels derived from plant materials – are entering the market, driven by factors such as oil price spikes and the need for increased energy security derived from food crops quickly emerged as a practical answer to the energy crisis. Adding corn ethanol to gasoline or using palm oil for biodiesel Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g., vegetable oil, animal fat (tallow)) with an alcohol makes the fuel burn more cleanly, stretches oil supplies, and perhaps most attractive to some politicians, provides a nice boost to big agribusiness. In Europe and in the US, increasing biofuels Biofuels – liquid fuels derived from plant materials – are entering the market, driven by factors such as oil price spikes and the need for increased energy security was mandated by law.[1]
An example of an agribusiness was the Old North State Winegrowers Cooperative in North Carolina. Wine grape farmers came together to not only sell their grapes but to share a winery, winemaker and marketing brand together. The cooperative failed in 2006, three years after opening its winery. [2] [3]
Many progressive agribusinesses are now operating online businesses. Rising fuel costs are increasingly adding financial burdens on the day to day running of agricultural companies. An example of an online agribusiness is FarmingPages.com[1].
See also
- Agrarian law Agrarian laws were laws among the Romans regulating the division of the public lands, or ager publicus
- Agrarian reform Agrarian reform can refer either, narrowly, to government-initiated or government-backed redistribution of agricultural land or can refer more broadly to an overall redirection of the agrarian system of the country, which often includes land reform measures. Agrarian reform can include credit measures, training, extension, land consolidations, etc
- Biofuel Biofuels – liquid fuels derived from plant materials – are entering the market, driven by factors such as oil price spikes and the need for increased energy security
- Contract farming Contract farming is agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers, which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products. Typically, the farmer agrees to provide established quantities of a specific agricultural product, meeting the quality standards and delivery
- Energy crop Commercial energy crops are typically densely planted, high yielding crop species where the energy crops will be burnt to generate power. Woody crops such as Willow or Poplar are widely utilised,as well as tropical grasses such as Miscanthus and Pennisetum purpureum . If carbohydrate content is desired for the production of biogas, whole-crops
- Factory farming Factory farming is the practice of raising farm animals in confinement at high stocking density, where a farm operates as a factory — a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses
- agricultural Land banking Land banking is the practice of purchasing raw land with the intent to hold on to it until such a time as it is profitable to sell it on to others for more than was initially paid. Land is popular as an investment as it is a tangible asset as opposed to shares or bonds
- List of environment topics The natural environment includes complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive human intervention, including all vegetation, animals, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries. Also part of the natural environment is universal natural resources and physical
- Soybean wars of Paraguay
Notes and references
- ^ Backpedaling on Biofuels
- ^ Great Times in North Carolina » Blog Archive » North Carolina’s Winegrower’s Cooperative Folds
- ^ Avenue Vine: Co-op Closing, Grape Growers Losing Investments
External links
- SA Farmers - The Informed Choice (SA Farmer Community Trade Forum)
- Cornell Food and Brand Lab
- USDA Bets the Farm on Animal ID Program
- "Bacon as a Weapon of Mass Destruction" - video by Democracy Now!
- The Globalization of Agribusiness and Developing World Food Systems by John Wilkinson, Monthly Review The publication was founded by Harvard University economics instructor Paul Sweezy, who became the first editor. The New York Times described Sweezy as "the nation's leading Marxist intellectual and publisher during the cold war and the McCarthy era." The first issue of Monthly Review appeared in May 1949. Its lead article was "Why
- Agri Business & Food Industry- INDIA's only Monthly magazine having maximum presence in the International Exhibitions
Categories: Agricultural economics Categories: Agriculture in society | Agricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and ecological economics | Economics of primary sector industries | Industrial agriculture
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Q. This degree is offered at CSU Pomona, as well as a few other universities. Just wondering what it's all about and the types of employment that one can get with this tupe of degree. Thanks for the help!
Asked by sbsurfr78 - Wed Mar 26 01:39:44 2008 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments
A. There are many different career opportunites available with this degree.. Here's a partial list: Advertising Account Executive Agribusiness Controller Agribusiness Manager Agribusiness Sales Agricultural Economist Agricultural Inspector Agricultural Journalist/Broadcaster Agricultural Lender/Commercial Bank Agricultural Processing/Packing Management Agricultural Real Estate Sales Agricultural Statistician Animal Health Care Professionals Animal Health Distributor Sales Rep Animal Nutritionist Appraiser Auditor Bank Loan Officer Bloodstock Agent Boarding Stables and Riding Instructor Breed Registries and Associations Broodmare Manager Business Manager Career Counselor Clinician Commodities Inspector/Grader … [cont.]
Answered by D - Mon Mar 31 16:40:23 2008
